Integrated Management IPM Checklist

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for grapes in Oklahoma focuses on preventing pest and disease issues through cultural practices, monitoring, biological controls, and using chemical interventions only as a last resort when thresholds are met. This minimizes environmental impact, reduces resistance development, and protects beneficial insects like pollinators. Key principles include regular scouting (e.g., twice weekly during critical periods), rotating fungicide modes of action (MOA) and insecticide groups (IRAC/FRAC), using resistant varieties or rootstocks (e.g., American grapes for phylloxera), maintaining open canopies for airflow, sanitation to remove debris, and record-keeping for pest trends. Oklahoma's climate (humid with hot summers) favors diseases like black rot, downy mildew, and powdery mildew, and insects like grape berry moth and Japanese beetles. Always follow labels for rates, pre-harvest intervals (PHI), restricted-entry intervals (REI), and bee precautions (e.g., mow blooming weeds before applications).

Use this checklist organized by grapevine growth stages. Adjust based on local conditions, variety (e.g., more sprays for susceptible Vinifera/French hybrids), and scouting results. Scout with pheromone traps for moths, yellow sticky cards for leafhoppers, and visual inspections for thresholds (e.g., treat grape berry moth if eggs/larvae present).

Dormant (Winter Pruning)

• Key Pests/Diseases: Phomopsis cane/leaf spot, powdery mildew, mealybugs, scale insects, trunk diseases (e.g., esca, eutypa), anthracnose.

• Inspect canes for overwintering pests/disease signs; check for phylloxera galls on roots.

• Prune for open canopy to improve airflow and spray penetration;

• Remove and destroy infested debris

• Hand-paint wounds with fungicide paste post-pruning. Lime sulfur (M02) or Topsin M (1) for diseases, Sulforix (M02) for anthracnose.

• Apply oils for scales/mealybugs.

• Avoid pruning during wet weather to prevent infections;

• Be aware of sulfur sensitivity (e.g., avoid on Chambourcin, Concord).

Delayed Dormant to Bud Swell

• Key Pests/Diseases: Mites (e.g., European red mite), mealybugs, flea beetles, climbing cutworms, anthracnose.

• Scout buds for swelling and early pest activity.

• Maintain weed-free rows; mow cover crops to reduce habitats.

• Use yellow sticky traps for early insects.

• Baythroid XL (3A), Danitol (3A), or Sevin XLR (1A) for insects/mites

• Sulforix (M02) for anthracnose.

• Apply in calm conditions to avoid drift; acidify spray water if pH >7.0.

Bud Break to Pre-Bloom (3-10 Inch Shoots)

• Key Pests/Diseases: Black rot, Phomopsis, downy mildew, powdery mildew, flea beetle larvae, redbanded leafroller, rose chafer, mites.

• Scout twice weekly; use degree-day models for timing.

• Train vines for airflow; remove basal leaves if needed.

• Encourage beneficial insects (e.g., ladybugs for mites).

• Fungicides: Abound (11), Dithane (M03), Luna Experience (7+3)

• Insecticides: Assail (4A), Acramite (20D) for mites, Baythroid XL (3A) for beetles/rollers. Rotate mode of action.

• Start preventive fungicide program at 3-inch shoots; 7-10 day intervals. Avoid bee-toxic products if nearby blooms.

Bloom

• Key Pests/Diseases: Botrytis bunch rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, rose chafer, grape berry moth.

• Monitor for petal fall; check traps for moth flights.

• Ensure good cluster spacing; avoid overhead irrigation.

• Mating disruption pheromones for berry moth in low-pressure areas.

• Fungicides: Elevate (17), Kenja (7), Switch (9+12), Forum (40) for downy; Insecticides:

• Altacor (28) for moth.

• No insecticides during bloom to protect pollinators; focus on wet weather protection.

Post-Bloom/Fruit Set to Shatter

• Key Pests/Diseases: Black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, Botrytis, grape berry moth, leafhoppers, rose chafer, mealybugs, grape rootworm.

• Inspect berries for eggs/larvae; thresholds for leafhoppers (e.g., 5-10/leaf).

• Remove leaves around clusters to reduce humidity (on cordon-trained vines).

• Introduce predatory mites for spider mites if present.

• Fungicides: Continue rotations (e.g., Pristine 11+7); Insecticides: Danitol (3A), Imidan (1B), Entrust (5, OMRI-approved) for moth/chafer.

• Critical period for fruit infections; stop black rot control after berries reach 6-8% sugar.

Shatter to Veraison

• Key Pests/Diseases: Downy/powdery mildew, Botrytis, ripe rot, grape root borer, Japanese beetle, leafhoppers, spider mites, thrips.

• Use pheromone traps for root borer; scout leaves for mites.

• Sanitation: Remove dropped fruit to reduce rot inoculum.

• Oils or soaps for mites/aphids as soft options.

• Fungicides: Revus Top (3+40, avoid on Concord); Insecticides: Movento (23) for phylloxera/mealybugs, Mustang Maxx (3A) for beetles.

• Shorten spray intervals in wet weather; monitor for resistance.

Veraison to Harvest

• Key Pests/Diseases: Powdery/downy mildew, Botrytis, bitter/ripe/sour rot, Japanese beetle, green June beetle, stink bugs, multicolored Asian lady beetle (affects wine quality), spotted-wing Drosophila.

• Check ripeness (e.g., 15 Brix for sour rot); trap for beetles/Drosophila.

• Minimize berry injury (e.g., from birds/hail); net vines if needed.

• Antimicrobials like Oxidate (OMRI) for sour rot.

• Fungicides: Pristine (11+7) for rots; Insecticides: Danitol (3A), Sevin (1A) for beetles/stink bugs; short-PHI options like Baythroid (3A).

• Ensure thorough coverage (100 gal/acre); avoid residues on fruit.

Post-Harvest

• Key Pests/Diseases: Downy/powdery mildew (to prevent defoliation/winter injury), grape root borer.

• Sample for root borer pupal skins (10 vines/acre; treat if >5%).

• Rake and destroy fallen leaves/fruit to reduce overwintering pests.

• Fungicides: ProPhyt (33) for downy, OxiDate (OMRI) for powdery, mancozeb (M03); Lorsban (1B) for root borer (35 days pre-next harvest). Protects vine health for next season; rotate chemistries annually.

Weeds

For weeds (considered pests in IPM), use pre-emergence herbicides (e.g., Chateau, Surflan) in dormant/early spring and post-emergence (e.g., Rely, Roundup—directed sprays) during the season, with shielded applicators to avoid vine injury. Consult Oklahoma State University Extension for variety-specific advice, soil tests, and updates, as pest pressures can vary by region (e.g., more humidity in eastern Oklahoma). If using organic methods, prioritize OMRI-listed products like sulfur, oils, and Entrust.